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This work is in the public domain in Russia according to article 6 of Law No. 231-FZ of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006; the Implementation Act for Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation:
- its creator didn't fight or work for Soviet Union victory during the Great Patriotic War — so the 70-year protection term is applied;
- and the creator died before January 1, 1954 (more than 70 years ago), and has been not posthumously rehabilitated since that date;
- and this work was first published before January 1, 1954 (more than 70 years ago).
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days), and it was first published before 1989 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities (renewal and/or copyright notice) and it was in the public domain in its home country on the URAA date (January 1, 1996 for most countries).
This work was in the public domain in Russia on the URAA date January 1, 1996, according to the Law 09.07.1993 No 5351-1 which was enacted on that date:
- its creator didn't fight or work for Soviet Union victory during the Great Patriotic War — so the 50-year protection term was applied;
- and the creator died before January 1, 1946 (more than 50 years ago from 1/1/1996), and has been not posthumously rehabilitated since that date;
- and this work was first published before January 1, 1946 (more than 50 years ago from 1/1/1996).
The author died in 1875, so this work is also in the public domain in other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 148 years or less (if applicable), or the copyright term is 91 years or less since publication for posthumous works (if applicable).
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This is a translation and has a separate copyright status from the original text. The license for the translation applies to this edition only.
