๐ด๐นญ๐ง๐ถ๐๐๐๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐
ใ๐ฟข๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ใ
ใ๐ด๐นญ๐ง๐ถ๐๐๐๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ใ
๐๐๐๐ธฏ๏ผ๐ ฒ๐บ๐ ๐นใ๐ฃผ๐๐ ๐กผ๐ผ๐ก๏ผ๐ฆพ๐น๐ง๐ซฆ๐ฃ๏ผ๐น๐๐๐ฃทโกโกโกใ๐๐๐๐ธฏ๏ผ๐ช๐ฝทใ๐พ๐ทใ๐ฉ๐จใ๐๐ฆณ๐ ๐น๐ซฆโกโกโก๐๐ฃ๏ผ๐ซฆ๐โกโกโกโก๐ฐฐโกโกใ
๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐๐๐ซถ๏ผ๐ถ๐ขต๐ฉ๐ด๐๐ฑ๐ธ๐ธ๐น๐ ๐ฟใ
๐๐ท๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฏ๐๐๐ซถ๏ผ๐ผ๐ถป๐ก๐๐ทซ๐งน๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ท๐ฌใ
๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ช๐๏ผ๐ค๐ต๐๐ข๐ข๐ฅค๐ฆป๐ใ
๐ผ๐ฉ๐ฝ๐ผ๏ผ๐๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ง๐นฌ๐ฃ๐ณ๐จใ
๐จ๐ฏจ๐ฉพ๐ดด๏ผ๐ช๐๐ญ๐ญ๐ถท๐๐ฒใ
๐คข๐ทฉ๐๐ด๏ผ๐ก๐๐พ๐พ๐ซก๐๐ทใ
๐๐ผ[1]๐๐๐๐ ๐ซฉ๏ผ๐ฑ๐ขณ๐ฏจ๐ค๐๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ใ
๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐ฐฑ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฒ๏ผ๐๐บ๐ฌ๐ง๐ต๐๐๐๐ฃผ๐ซจ๐ตใ
๐ต๐ขธ๐ฉ๐๐ฃผ๐พ๐ช๏ผ๐ดฎ๐ต๐๐ฅค๐ ด๐ ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐จปใ
๐ฝ๐ ๐ฎ ๐๐น๐ข๐ป๏ผ๐น๐ฏ๐๐ซก๐ฏด๐ฆ๐ฟ๐๐๐ดบ๐ใ
๐ฆ๐ซป๐ท๐ฆซ๏ผ๐ค๐๐๐ฅฎ๐ป๐ฉพ๐ถใ
๐ฅค๐ฆ๐ฝ๐ฟ๏ผ๐ช๐ฝ๐ฎ ๐ฑ๐ขบ๐๐ใ
๐ป๐ฟฃ๐๐ช ๐ช๏ผ๐ดง๐ดง๐ฌ๐ฆบ๐ฟ๐๐ฝใ
๐๐ช๐ผ๐ท๐๏ผ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐๐๐จใ
๐๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ซ๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฟ๐๐ท๏ผ๐บ๐๐บ๐ฏด๐๐๐ฅ๐ก๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ ใ
๐ช๐๐๐ค๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ซถ๏ผ๐๐[2]๐นช๏ผ๐ฒ๐ ง๐นฆ๐ผ๐ก๐จ๏ผ๐ณบ๐๐ญ๐ต๐๐ก๏ผ๐๐๐๐ซ๐ฃ๐ท๐ฆป๐ใ๐ฒ๐ ง๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ซ๐๐๐๐๐ญ๐ญ๐ต๐๐ซฉ๏ผ๐ ๐๐น๐[3]๐ฝ๐พค๏ผ๐น๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐กใ๐๐ ๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐จป๐๐ณ๐๐ใ๐ผ๐ค๐ดฟ๐๐ฟ๐ฆ๐๐๏ผ๐ง๐๐ฃฉ๐ฌค๐๐ใ๐ช๐๐ก๐ค๐ฝ๐บ๐ผ๐๐ดด๐ด๐ป๐๐ค๐ ๐๐ซก๐๐๐ซ๐ฐ๐ค๐ฝ๐ญ๐ฐ๐ ๐จปใ๐ ๐ถ๐ต๐ซ๐ค๐ ๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐น๐๐โก[4]ใ๐ฅฎ๐๐บ๐จบ๐นใ๐ ๐นผ๐๐บ๐จ๐๐ ๐ ๐ฑฝ๐น๏ผ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๏ผ๐ก๐ด๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๏ผ๐คผ๐ฏด๐ถ๐ถ๐ญช๐ขต๐ฃ๐ฅฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ใ๐นฆ๐บ๐๐กถ๐๐๐ช๐๐๐จปใ๐ ๐ถ๐ต๐๐ค๐๐๐๐คถ๐ท๐ฝ๐ฑฝ๏ผ๐๐ถ๐ช๐โกโก[5]๐๐นฐ๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐๐ใ๐๐จ๐ถ๐ฐ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ฉฏ๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ช๐นฐ๏ผ๐ซ๐๐๐กถ๐๐ถฒ๏ผ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฅ๐๐๐๐ใ๐๐ ๐ฃผ๐ฏฟ๐บ๐จบ๐นใ๐ธฏ๐๐บ๐จ๐๐ง๐๐๐ใ๐ ๐ฃ๐บ๐ช๐ ฒ๐งฏ๐ซ๐ค๐ ๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ปใ๐๐ค๐ซ๐[6]ใ๐บ๐จบ๐น๐ต๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฅฆ๐ช๐ง๏ผ๐๐จ๐คผ๐ฏด๐๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ใ๐ญผ๐๐๐พ๐๐๏ผ๐๐๐ผป๐๐๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ถ๐๐กใ๐๐ช๐ช๐ก๐ก๐งธ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฝ๐ค๐ช๐๐คใ๐๐ข๐ฟ๐ฆ๐๐ขถ๏ผ๐ช๐๐๐ ๐ด๐ฉฏ๐๐ใ๐ฝ๐๐พ๐ถ๐ฃ๐๐ฟท๐ต๏ผ๐๐๐๐ต๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ซ๐ค๐๐๐ฆ๐ถ๐น๐ผฎ๐๐ ๐ฅท๐๐ฐใ๐๐ฃ๐ผป๐ฝพ๐ฟ๐๐ก๏ผ๐ ๐[2]๐๐ฏ๐๐ต๏ผ๐ฃผ๐ฏฟ๐บ๐จบ๐นใ๐ธฏ๐๐บ๐จ๐๐จ๐ผ๐๐๐๐คข๐ ๐ฃ๐๐ฆซ๏ผ๐ค๐๐ฝ๐ฅ๐ต๐ก๏ผ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ถ๐๐ต๐ญใ๐ผ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ ๐ฐ๐ญ๏ผ๐บ๐ผ๐๐ดด๐ ๐ฟผ๐ฅ๐ค๐ค๐ผ๐ฐญ๐ซ๐พ๐ ๐ ซ๐ ๐ใ๐๐ก๐ฃ๐ฉญ๐ผ๐ฐญ๐๐พ๐ ๐ ซ๐๐ชใ
๐ฃ๐ค๐น๐๐น๐ณฆ๐ซจ๏ผ๐นธ๐กฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ใ
๐ ๐๐ฝ๐ฅฏ๐ฟผ๐๐๏ผ๐ต๐ฅฆ๐๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ตใ
๐๐คช๐กฎ๐ก๐ฉ๐ฉ๐๏ผ๐พ๐ฉจ๐ธ๐ ๐๐๐ณใ
๐ซจ๐นฐ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐๐๐๏ผ๐ณ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฅคโก๐คช๐คชใ
๐ช๐๐ต๐นจ๐ท๐๐๏ผ๐น๐ ๐จ๐ฃโกโก๐กนใ
๐ง๐๐๐ฌ๐คป๐ฏณ๐ฏณ๏ผ๐๐๐๐ [7]๐ญผ๐๐ใ
๐น๐ฎ๐ ๐ ๐ญ๐๐๏ผ๐ดฟ๐๐๐๐ณ๐๐ฃทใ
๐ขณ๐๐น๐ซป๏ผ๐ต๐ฎ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ๏ผ๐ต๐ด๐๐ฐ๐ฌ๏ผ๐ฌ๐ฌซ๐ฌผ๐ฑ๐ค๐ฐ๐๏ผ๐ญ๐ญ๐ ๐ฌป๐ ๐น๐ฐ๐ ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ญใ
๐๐๐น๐ซป๏ผ๐ฅ๐ ๐ฝ๐ถ[8]๏ผ๐ก๐๐ญ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ต๐๐๐๐ซฉใ
๐๐ค๐ฐญ๐๐พ๏ผ๐น๐๐น๐๐๐๐กใ๐น๐ฑฝ๐ ๐น๐ผ๐๐ต๐๐๐ซ๐ก๐ฑ๐๐ก๐ป๏ผ๐ถ๐ฅฉ๐ก๐ก๏ผใ๐น๐ช๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ก๐จ๐๐ฐ๐ฉใ๐๐ใ๐๐๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ถ๐ญ๐คท๐๏ผ๐๐ฐ๐ฅ๐๐๐คป๐๐ญผ๐ ๐ ๐ฑฝ๐น๏ผ๐ ๐ก๐๐ฝ๐๐๐ ๐ จใ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ ๐พ๐๐๐๐ข๐ต๐ฏฉ๐คข๐นญ๐ต๐ฎ ๐งธ๐๐ฏใ
๐๐ฉจ๐๐๏ผ๐ซ๐ซ๐ฑข๐ฅฏ๐ต๐๐ฟผใ
๐๐ฝ๐ฑ๐ขณ๏ผ๐๐๐๐นฐ๐ผ๐๐ใ
๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ต๏ผ๐ช๐ผป๐ต๐๐คถ๐ ๐คใ
๐น๐ ๐ท๐ธธ๏ผ๐ผ๐กโก๐๐ขณ๐ญ๐ซกใ
๐บ๐ฏด๐ฅฆ๐ฐ๏ผ๐๐ซ๐ซ๐๐ผ๐ค๐ใ
๐๐๐ ๐๏ผ๐๐ทผ๐ฑ๐๐ฃฉ๐ฌค๐ใ
๐ฐ๐๐๐ทฉ๏ผ๐๐จ๐ข๐๐ง๐๐ใ
๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ขญ๐ท๏ผ๐ซ๐ดด๐ฟ๐คณ๐ ๐ซก๐ถนใ
๐๐ฏ๐๐คผ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ช๐ ๐๐๐ดใ
๐ซ๐ณ๐ ๐๏ผ๐๐ป๐ฑข๐ก๐๐๐ฉใ
๐ผ๐ญ๐ก๐ต๏ผ๐ฃผ๐๐พ๐ถ๐๐ชญ๐คใ
๐จ๐ฃ๐นข๐ช๏ผ๐ชญ๐ฆซ๐๐๐ฅฎ๐ง๐นญใ
๐๐ฝ๐ ๐ฅ[9]๏ผ๐ท๐๐ฝต๐นจ๐ต๐๐ใ
๐๐คท๐ ๐น๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐ดฒ๐คป๐ฏฎใ
๐๐ซฉ๐๐ณ๏ผ๐๐ข๐ท๐ฒ ๐ง๐๐ฅคใ
๐ผ๐คถ๐ฌข๐ธ๏ผ๐ซ๐๐ ๐๐ณ๐๐ฅใ
๐๐๐๐ฌข๐ฆ๏ผ๐ด๐ด๐๐๐๐๐๐ซพ[10]ใ
๐พ๐ฃ๐ฏฟ๐๏ผ๐ฎ๐ด๐ต๐๐๐น๐ญ๐ขใ
๐ก๐กโก๐ฃ๏ผ๐ฃ๐ฅ๐ชบ๐ฅ๐ผ๐๐ใ
๐ฆข๐ฆข๐ฆซ๐ฒ๏ผ๐ขณ๐ดฟ๐น๐ดฟ๐ค๐๐ใ
๐ถ๐ผฎ๐ฟณ๐ผ๏ผ๐๐จ๐๐ตใ
๐ผป๐๐ช๐ ๏ผ๐๐๐ช๐ดดใ
๐น๐ง๐ฐ๐พ๏ผ๐ฃ๐ซ๐ ๐ถใ
๐ฃ๐พ๐ง๐ฅ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ ๐ฅใ
๐ฃผ๐ญ๐น๐ค๏ผ๐ช๐ฒ๐ฃณ๐ฃข๐ป๐ฆ๐ใ
๐น ๐ฆป๐น ๐ฆป๏ผ๐ก๐๐ฆพ๐ฉฏ๐๐ง๐ชใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ก๐๐๏ผ๐ช๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฑฝ๐ฌ๐น๐๐๐๐ฆณ๐๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฃต๐๐ตใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ก๐๐๏ผ๐ช๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฆ๐๐ฑฝ๐ฌ๐น๐ผ๐ก๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฏด๐ฆพ๐น๐ฐ๐ฅค๐ ๐ซ[11]๐ธ๐ฐ๐ฃ ๐ณใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฆ๐๐ฑฝ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ค๐ ๐ธ๐ฏ[12]๐ญด๐ถ๐ใ
๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ฏด๐๐๐ซ๐ค๐ฆพ๐น๐๐ณ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐ธ๐ข๐น๐๐ใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ผ๐ถ๐ฟท๐ญ๐ฏด๐ ๐ฟ๐๐ณ๐ธ๐จ๐ช[13]๐ต๐ดใ
๐ ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ฏด๐๐ค๐ ๐ฟ๐๐ณ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐๐ถ๐ใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ ๐กผ๐๐ณ๐ฅป๐ถ๐ฌใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฝ๐ ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฟท๐ฆณ๐ฒ๐๐ใ
๐ ๐๐๐ฑฝ๐น๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฅป๐ฅผ๐ฝใ
๐ ค๐๐๐ต๐ง๐พ๐ ฒ๐๐ฎ๐ท๐ธ๐๐ผจ๐[14]๐ใ
๐๐๐๐ ค๐๐๐ท๐๐ค๐ฅต๐ฃณ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐ฌใ
๐๐ด๐ ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐ฆ๐ถ๐บใ
๐ ๐ ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐๐ถโก[15]ใ
๐ฒ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐จ๐ตโก[16]๐พใ
๐บ๐ผ๐๐ดด๐ด๐ป๐ง๐๐ค๐ฉญ๐ผ๐ด๐ป๐ฐญ๐๐๐๐พ๐ก๐ ๐ชใ
๐ฑธ๐ถ[8]๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๏ผ๐ฃ[17]๐งฏ๐๐๏ผ๐๐[18]๐๏ผ๐ฐน๐ถ[19]๐ธน๏ผ๐ฅด๐๐ฆป๏ผ๐ฟ๐ ๐๏ผ๐พ๐๐ก๏ผ๐ฐน๐ซ๐๐ฐน๐ง๐ฌ[20]๐ฐน๐ฅผ๐ฃ๐ญด๐๐ปใ๐ก๐ ๏ผ๐ป๐ณ๐[21]ใ๐ช๐ ๏ผ[...]ใ[22]
Notes
edit- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ข๐ ๐ค with no reading. Based on the rubbing of the inscription, the character should probably be ๐ผ.
- โ 2.0 2.1 Nishida gives ๐ (สวษษฆ), but with the reading kษฬฃ. Based on the reading and context, the correct character should be ๐ (kษฬฃ).
- โ Nishida gives โฟฐ๐ก๐ช๐ with reading pa lu, but based on the rubbing of the inscription, the characters should be ๐น๐ (lu pa).
- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ ๐งฉ๐ ด with no reading. The rubbing of the inscription does not clearly show what the character should be.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ก๐ขฐ๐ขทโฟฒ๐ข๐กก๐ฅฆ with no readings. The two characters are not clear in the rubbing of the inscription, and cannot be identified from context.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐ขธโฟฐ๐ข๐คฌ with no reading, but the rubbing of the inscription shows ๐.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฐฒ, but this character is not attested in any other source, and from context the character should be ๐ .
- โ 8.0 8.1 Nishida gives โฟฐ๐ก๐ฆณ with no reading. The correct character should be ๐ถ.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ฆ๐ข๐ ข with no reading. Based on the rubbing of the inscription, the character should be ๐ฅ.
- โ Nishida's reading of the second small-sized character as ๐ซพ (ลษช) 'hare' seems doubtful, but it is not clear enough to identify in the rubbing of the inscription.
- โ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Nishida writes ๐ ๐ซ as ๐ ๐ฟท, but the rubbing of the inscription shows ๐ ๐ซ which is the correct form of the word.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฃง, but this is not a Tangut family name character. The rubbing of the inscription appears to show ๐ฏ which is a Tangut family name character.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฅบ๐ช with reading ลษฃษ kวษ, but this must be a mistake for the Tangut family name ๐จ๐ช.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฃ with reading ลกia and gloss 'ๅ', but based on Nishida's gloss and the rubbing of the inscription it should be ๐.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐ โฟฒ๐ ๐ข๐ ข with no reading, but the character is illegible on the rubbing of the inscription.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐กโฟฐ๐ จ๐คพ with no reading, but the character is illegible on the rubbing of the inscription.
- โ Nishida gives as โฟฐ๐ฆณโฟฑ๐ ๐ข.
- โ Nishida gives as โฟฐ๐ฆณ๐ฅฎ.
- โ Nishida gives as ๐กญ.
- โ Nishida gives as โฟฒ๐กซ๐ฆ๐ ข.
- โ Nishida gives only ๐ณ, but the rubbing of the inscription shows it is followed by another small-sized character, apparently ๐.
- โ The bottom left corner of the inscription is missing, and the remaining characters have been lost.
Sources
edit- Nishida Tatsuo ่ฅฟ็ฐ้พ้. "่ฅฟๅคๆ ๆถผๅทๆๆๅก็ขๆ ่งฃ่ฎ" = "A Decipherment of the Hsi-Hsia Inscription on the Kan-ying Tower in Liang-chou dated 1094 A.D."; in ่ฅฟๅค่ชใฎ็ ็ฉถ = A Study of the Hsi-hsia Language Vol. I (1964) pp. 156โ176.