Archaeologia Britannica

DHAN TIZ HEGARAZ HA PEDNZHIVIK.

POU KERNOU

ANNERH, EHAZ, HAG EYRYSDER VISKVETHEK.

(RAGSKREF DHON ʼRAMATEK KERNỤAK.)

MI a ụôr por-dhâ (Pednzhivìkio Skientek) bôz mêr an ᵹẏndan ụarnav, dho îl dheuh en an le kenza-ma neb Apolog pẏ eſᵹyzianz, rag kemeraz ụarnav dho Skrefa ha gora ʼmêz Gramatek ha ᵹer-levran Kernûak, pan nag oụ vi na ᵹenez en Poụ Kernou, na hụâth treᵹyez en an ʼUlâz-na mûi vel padzhar mîz. An guironeth yụ hemma. Mi a vev Kelmez herụedh Gorhemmen neb Arlodho ha pednzhivìkio Kembra, ha nepre erel dre ol an Gʼlàſkor-ma, dho skrefa ketella kaldzha vi, ụar an Tavaz Brethonek (po kotha Lavar an Enez-ma) nèpeth moy trẏ veva skrefyz arâg, ᵹen an mêr-fŷr haʼn mêr-skientek Aʼhro an Deskadzher Davies, ha nepre erel abarʼh Bretonek Kambrîan. Ha rag hedda an karg a kodhaz ụarnav (menzha vi po ny vendzham) dho rei an guella dyskụedhyans a ellam dhan rena ŷnz brederez en an Koth-davazo-ma adrô an Dialekſho Brethonek erel; viz. an Kernûak, an Arvorek (po del yụ i kreiez ᵹen a nei en Kembra, an Lezauek) haʼ n Kelezonek po ʼn Skot-Vrethonek ez laveryz en Ehual-dir an Alban hag en Gʼlaskor Uordhyn; ple ma kuithyz huâth (del ketep onan prederez en Kothnanz Tavazo el guelez en an Levar-ma) nyz en ydnik lîaz kanz ᵹêr, mez enuêdh guîr-nàtyr pẏ lavarnanz prîez an Tavaz Brethonek. Lemmyn pan na veva na ydn lîvan ʼrammàtek na huâth ᵹerlevran vèth rag ụẏnyn a ʼn Tavazo-ma (ſau neb levro bîan Arvorek ha Frenkek) gurèyz dẏrag, mi rykavaz me honan Kelmez dho skrefa neb ʼramàtek ha ᵹerlevar rag ʼoz Tavaz huei ha rag an Godhalek. Mi a ụon pordhâ trẏ kaldzha Triᵹerio an dhêau ụlâz-ma gurèiz an ober-ma pẏlta guèl tro yu gurèiz ᵹeno vi. Mez huâth mi brediraz trẏ peva guèl neb riụ (a) guerraz vel guerraz veth; ha kekeffryz trẏ kaldzha an huêl bohodzhak-ma piga erel amʼan dho dallah ydn dâ. Ha an kettermen-na ma neb eſperans dhebm trẏ veddons an Lennerio Pednzhivik ha maz-brezek ᵹeffya e foto dho Eſtren pel-poụ, neb mar peụe ᵹerlevar, &c. Kernûak ha Godhalek skrefyz arâg ny vendzha veſga argrafa an papyrio hemma; ha pẏ ny koụze mèz nebaz bîan adrô ʼn Tavazo raglaveryz en an levar-ma pẏ kèn e vendzha dazargrafa hy Grammatèkio hay ᵹerlevro e honan, mar venz gueſᵹez a vêz; an della ʼryg me (ᵹen an Trayllyanz reizyz) dazargraf a an raggorryz ʼrammatek ha ʼn ᵹerlevran Arvorek pẏ Gal-Vrethonek.

Mez huâth (ụar an parh aral) del ny vendzha vi rag tra vêth, kemerez ụarnav dho ᵹîl ydn bennag dra ez a ụartha ma alloz; en della mi rakemera kibmiaz obba dho laveral ụorth an Lenner, trez el bôz rez ẏ vî kevarvoz ụorth nebaz brederyanzo adrô ʼn Tavazeth Kernûak dre ụerraz an Tavaz Kembrîan, a aldzha neb bennak na odhe dravêth anẏdha, drizlebmal. An fòrʼ a ʼrykemeraz vi dho deska an nebaz skîanz-ma aʼ n Tavazeth Kernûak, ô enrâdn dre skrefyanz dhort ᵹenaụo an bôbl en Gorleụen (b) Kernou en enụedzhek en pleu Yſt; ha enràdn dre an hevelep Guerraz dhort neb Pednzhivìkio a ʼrŷganz ſkrefa ragov lîaz ᵹerrio Kernûak: en anụezek Mr. John Key guyn a ʼn Tſsei izala en Por Enez, Mr. Eſtwick a ʼn raglaveryz pleu Yſt, Mr. James Jenkyns a Golvan reb Penzanz, ha Mr. Nicolas Boſon a Neulyn en pleu Paụl. Mez me a gavaz an Radn guella a ʼm Dẏſkaz dhort trei levar skrefyz Kernûak, gorryz en ma dhûla ᵹen an Mêr-barrhyz haʼn Mêr-ụordhyz Dâz en Dheụ Sr. Jonathan Trelauny Iſpak Kar-êsk; ha ʼn merskientek ha ʼn merletryz bednzhivik John Anſtis Eſq; ụẏnyn a ʼn Senezerrio Pou Kernou en Loundrez, ha ʼn raglaveryz Mr. Keiguyn, neb dre Orphennyaz an raghanụyz Iſpak a ʼryg traylia an levroụma dhan Zoụznak; hag yụ heb paro vêth, barnyz an skienteka a ʼn ûz nei en Tavazeth Kernûak. Aụôz an trei skref-levro aụartha, Mr. Anſtis a gavaz neb ʼErlevran Brethonek, dorn-skrefyz aban lîaz ûzo, en Levarva Cotten en Loundrez, ha (del ʼryg e bẏprŷz herụedh e voleneᵹeth vaz ụar an hevelep ahozhono kenz hag udzhe) e ʼryg skrîfa dhẏmmo ụarnẏdha (c). Pan ʼrygụelaz an levar, mi a ụeyan por-dha tro nag ô e ᵹerlevran Kembrîan herụedh e hano Ladin (skrefyz en termen deụedhaz) Vocabularium Wallicum; mez ᵹerlevran Kernûak, an dra (herụedh ma tybyanz) vedh reyz dhẏmmo gans keniffar Lenner Brethonek ʼra medra ụar traillianzo an ᵹerrio Ladin-ma, viz. Angelus, Ail; Stella, ſteren; Membrum, ezel; Supercilium, abranz; Collum, conna; Palatum, ſtefenic; Mentum, elᵹet; Tibia, eleſker; Vitricus, altro; Regina, Ruivanes; Vulgus, pobel tiogo; Puer, floh; Senex, coth; Mercator, guiccur; Prora, flurrag; Umbra, ſcod; Milvus, ſcoul; Buſo, croinic; Rana, guilſchin; Paffer, golvan; Pullus, Ydhnuac; Scomber, brethyl: Lucius, Denſhoc dour; Vulpes, louuern; Urſus, Ors; Scrofa, guis; Echinus, ſort; ha lîaz ᵹerrio erel nag idzhanz aſụonfys emesk nei Tîz Kimbra. Mi a ụon pordhâ trẏ kaldzha uẏnyn tibiaz, a hedda gen moy ʼụîrhevlepter trʼel an ᵹerlevran bîan Brethonek-ma boz Arvorek po Brethonek Pou Lezou en Vrink; Rag ma an Diàlek hedda nêz dhodho; ha en ụîr ma lîaz ᵹêr anẏdha laveryz hụâth byz an dedhma ᵹen Tîz Lezau ſẏl nag idzhanz iụzyz lebmyn en poụ Kernou. Mez an kambdybianz hedda eụ gorryz kèr, heb poan vraz, pan raụelan nei, bôz Skrepher an ᵹerlevran-na pan vydh faụt dhodho ᵹerrio Brethonek, a skrefa alêr gerrio Zoụznak kôth ragta, ᵹen rei dhodhanz, nep termen, diụadh Kernûak, ha nag odzha a tûn ᵹerrio avêz an Frenkek del a vendzha e heb màr, po veva e Brethyn Arvorek. Lebmyn an rema ha ʼn hevelep idzhanz an ᵹerrio anẏdha, kemeryz vêz dhort an Koth-Zouznak. Comes, Yurl; Lector, Redior; Hamus, hyc; Fiala, harfel; Saltator, lappior; Sartor, ſeuyad; Contentioſus, ſtrivor; Spinther, broach; Fibula, ſtreing; Raptor, robbior; Noctua, hule; Halec, herring; Pratum, bidin; Lagena, kanna; Trutta, trud. An ụrma del na aldzha Brethyn Arvorek vêth, boz Skrefyaz an ᵹerlevran-ma, an della nʼ aldzha dên vêth Kembrîan y skrefa. Rag mar peva e Kembrîan e venzdha, hep pel brederyanz skrepha; Darlhennydh, Breyr, baχ, telyn [po krûth] neidiur, gunyadydh, Kynhennys, guaeg, arueſter, yſpeilier, tylhyan, pennog, guerglodh, ẏſtên [kynnog piſer po Koſtrelh] ha brithylh. En uêdh mar veva e Brethyn Arvorek ny venzdha e beſgụeth hanụal an Trào kreiez en Ladin, Quercus, rhamnus, melis, lepus, hœdus; Glaſtanen, eithinen, brôχ, ſcouarnog, min; mez en le hedda Guezen daro, làn, lus, gat & gavar bîan. Mi rygmarkia an ᵹerrio kemeryz vez a ʼn hòth Erlevran-ma an della [†] ha hedda yụ ᵹorryz enuêdh, arâg nep ᵹerrio kôth erel tednyz dhort ithik kôth Levro Ladin skrefyz heb mar ᵹen Vrethon mez ne ụon pa ʼn Poụ na Gʼlaskor.

Ma ʼn Deskadzher Davies (herụedh ma tybyanz) a hanụal ᵹerlevran Kernûak Levarva Cotten, Liber Landavenſis: Rag ma lîaz gêr en e ʼerlevar Kembrîan nodzhyz Lib. Land. na ryg me ụelaz beſgụeth en ydn levar aral. Mez huâth mar guelaz e an Levar ez lebmyn en Levarva Cotton; ma mardhek dhebm na vendzha e tedna ol an ᵹerrio anẏdha dhoy levar e honan. Pandrabennak yụ an guironeth, mi a ụon pordhâ nag idzhanz an ᵹerrio-ma markyz Lib. Land. skrefyz en an Levar kreìyz Liber Landavenſis; rag mi rygụelaz kenz-skref an Levar-na, en Levarva an mer-dheskyz ha ʼn mer-skientek Bednzhivik, an Pednzhivik a Lannerʼ en Poụ Guenez, hag enụêdh ma Das-skref têg anẏdha en Levarva Kollek Ieſu en Red Ousk.

Ma neb eſperans ᵹenev, try vedn an Lenner ᵹivya dhebm, na ryg me a skrepha bepprez ụar lerh Laveryanz an Termen nei, na huâth kuitha an skrefyans deụedhaz en an ᵹerlevran Kernûak-ma. Dre yụzhanz an raglaveryz Skrêflevrou me rẏgụelaz trẏ kodhaz padzhar legriaz [po ᵹụethder] nodzhedzhek, ha kovenek laụer, ụar an Tavaz Kernûak aberh an ûz po an kanzbledhan diụetha-ma; ha ʼn rena ken ênz por-menouh argraphyz en an ᵹer-levar Ladin ha Keltek raggorryz-ma ny vêv me por-volondzhedhek dho rei en an ᵹerlevran Kernûak-Zouznak rag dorn lêh dhodhans. An Legriaz kenſa yụ gorra an litheren b, arâg an litheren m, ᵹen laverel ha skrefa Tybm, tabm, kabm, ᵹybman, krobman ha kylobman, &c. enlê Tẏm, tam, kam, ᵹẏmman, kromman ha kẏlomman. An eil yụ gorra an letheren d, arâg an letheren n; ha kouz en della enlêh pen, pan, pren; guyn, guan, bron, brynan; pedn, padn, predn, guydn, guadn, brodn, brẏdnan. Ni ry guelaz tâ rei lê dhan Legriadzho hemma en an ᵹerlevran-ma; rag nʼ idzhean dzhei mèz Legriadzho deụedhaz hag enzol an levèryanz anŷdha yụ muy kalliz ha dyᵹeſſon tro veva arâg; ha rag hedda lîaz termen hụei idzheʼ a traylya an m ha ʼn n-ma dho b ha d ᵹen laverel Tubbi, obba hodda hedda ple laveraſo huei arâg Tubmi, obma hodna & hedna. Ha ʼn eil Noụedzhanz-ma a teul an ᵹerrio hemma mar bel dhort an kenz-errio Tummi, omma, honna & henna ketella nag el vêth na Brethon Arvorek na re Kembrîan kavaz amêz agoz lerh ᵹen ụelaz ablê idzhan dzhei devedhyz.

An dridzha legriaz eụ gorra an letheren d arâg s (dho ba s, ma bẏppryz oᵹoz Laveryanz z) ha laverel an s del zh. Rag mi rykavaz en ụẏnyn a ʼn skreflevro raglaveryz pa ydn yụ Levar Guerevo Merkl avêz an Skriptor zanz, skrephyz, mûy po lê, aban an kanz ha ʼn hanter bledhan ma, trẏ veva an ᵹerrio ero huei laverel lemmyn, Kridzhi, pidzhi, bohodzhak, padzhar, bledzhan, lagadzho, &c. en termen hedda Creſy, peſy, bohoſok, peſwar, bleſan, lagazo (d). Mi a ụôr pordha nag ero huei a skrefa an ᵹerrio-ma del skrefam mî ᵹen dzh, mez en udnek ᵹen an ụẏnyn letheren g, po ken j keſſonyz; mez hedda a kodha en ydnek herụedh skrefyanz an Zoụznak: ha abàn yụ an laveryanz anẏdha, laverryanz ketgorryz ha enụedh legryz dhort an z [po s] del vêv an s dirag dhort d po t; mi rig deụez dhoi skrefa en della.

An padzhuera Legriaz deuedhaz yụ porhevelep dho ʼn Dridzha: a hedda yụ gorra sh, a dhelhar t po (heruedh an skrefyanz arverezek) noụedzhanz an letheren t, rag ch: Ha en della, a lègria an ᵹerrio Ty [po tey] dhe tſsei; Tî dho tſsî [po chee] pyſᵹetta dho pyſᵹetſha, ha lîaz an hevelep. Abarh an Laverianzo erel, en pa re ero huei môz mar bel adhorton nei Tîz Kembra, viz. en laverel a rag e; e rag o & y; i rag e; o rag a, ha v keſſonyz rag f; hag enzol h rag χ; th, s po z rag t and d, & l rag l h; ny vendzha ni rag tra vêth kemerez ụarnav hy noụedzha: Enradn rag bôz an laveryanz anẏdha hêdh laụer; ha enràdn rag el nebaz anẏdha boz mar kôth (pẏni idzhan dzhẏi mûy kôth) ụel an laveryanz ney ha laveryanz Tîz Lezou. Ha erêl, en hanụidzhek noụedzhanz an letheren t, rag s; ken nag idzhanz ithik kôth, el bôz huâth koth laụer rag i maz-kemeryanz ai kụithyanz ụdzhe hemma.

Mêz lemmyn an Lenner ʼragoffen dhebm heb marr, prâg odzho vi en an skrefen hemma, a kuitha an raglaveryz legradzho me honan, mar ụon me trẏ fotou idzhanz. Ma ụorhebyanz yụ, trẏ veva me mêrvolẏndzhedhek dho bôz eunkemeryz; ha tra kaldzha kẏnifer ụẏnnyn a ôr kouz Kernûak dêal [pẏ adzhan poel] an lether-ma. Mez boz eſperans dhebm trẏ en ketella a eunoụh hụei an fotoụ erel en an keſſa-argraphyz Kernûak-ma, en della huei a ụreụh eụna enuêdh an ragskrefyz Legradzho. Ni el nêb ᵹîl lîaz noụedzhanz en Tavaz bennak ụar ydn termen. Ober bledhẏnno yụ; ha rag hedda, re vêr an kebmiaz a kemere ydnbennak, ken be ᵹenyz ha myᵹyz en an ʼulâz, dhoy ᵹẏtheffia.

Pa ydnbennak yụ volẏndzhedhek dho adzhan an muy deụedhaz legradzho Kernûak, ev el a adzhan porhêdh ụorth ᵹetgorra an ᵹerrio Kernûak reb an ydn ᵹerrio Kembrîan Poụ Guenez [po an re Nûr] haʼn ᵹerrio Arvorek; ha pan ụêl e Agreanz, po keſſenyans, ter lethero keſſonyz an dêau Davadzheth-na, ha nag idzhanz enụêdh an re Kernûak a kuîtha an Keſſonnyo hedda; Nenna ev a ụor heb nêb màr, boz an ᵹerrio Kernûak legriyz. Rag Sampl; pan uelon nei tridzhan an ᵹerrio Zouznak To laugh, to play, to whiſtle; bitter, ſix, ſiſter en Tavadzheth Gụenez, χuerthin, χuare, χuibiany; χueru, χueχ, χuaer; en an Arvorek, χoarſin, χoari, χuibanat; χụero, χuêχ, χoâr; mez en Kernûak, Huerthin, guare, huibanat; huero, hui; hôr; ny ụodhen nenna por-dhioụᵹel, tryʼn Kernûak yụ legryz. Rag ni vev nevra an hevelep Tremenyans ter Tîz Guenez Kembra (e) ha tîz Lezou traldzhen deska dhort i ᵹilez.

Rag an radn moya por Spladn yụ dhort an Levar-ma tridzha ʼn Brethonek Kernou mêr nêz dhon Diàlek Tiz Lezou vel dhon Diàlek Kembrîan. Nyz yụ marthek brâz anẏdha pan dhaskovian nẏi trẏ ʼryg Brethen Lezo dazdhôz dhan Enez-ma dadn Leụ Ivor mâb Alan an Eil, Mẏtern Lezo hag Ener i handeru (pan ʼryg Kadụaladar an Mẏtern Brethonek deụetha a ʼn Enez-ma môz dho Rev) ha dazkemeraz Kernou ha Deunanz ha Gʼlazo erel en ụorleuen an Gʼlaskor-ma adrô an Vledhan 680 (f). Hag aụôz an dzhẏi rygkuitha Deunanz mer a dermen ụdzhe hemma; rag ny aldzha an Zouzon y ᵹorra emêz a ʼn Kar-êsk byz an vledhan 936. pan hellyaz Athelſtan, Mẏtern ol an Zoụzon, an Brethon-na drez Aụan Tavar (g).

Endella byz an Termen hedda thera nyi ᵹuelaz boz Poụ Kernou trigiyz ᵹen Tîz Brethonek, en radn Arvorek, ᵹellyz a lebma adrô an vledhan 384. dadn Kenan Meriazhek en termen Makſen Ulezek (h), ha enràdn Enezek gollaz nenna a lebma ᵹen Kadualadr, ha degiyz drê ᵹen an ragskrefyz Ivor hag Ener. Pa an Never a ʼn Brethon henna yụ huâth en Poụ Kernou, ni uôr neb dên; rag nag êz Levro aho (heruedh mʼadzhonfaz) nag en Kernûak na huâth en Zouznak kôth ha othoredzhek laụer rag Deskụedhyanz an dra-ma. Mi a uon por-dha tridzhan neb Koth-skreferio (i) a tèbyaz nag yụ lîaz (mar ez neb) a ʼn Pednzhivìkio Kernûak a ʼn ûz nei, deskennyz dhort an Brethon.

A barh ma honan ny thera vi Kridzhi treụ mêr-brîz an drâ, dhort pa an Tîz yụ ydn Pednzhivik deskennyz; rag mi a bredîra

Try skeyanz ha Beunanz dha,
Yu ʼn pednzhivìkianz ha ʼn aho guella.

Ha rag hedda ny vedn me beſgueth kodha amêz ha pednzhivik vêth mar guel gondzha boz Zouz, Dăn, po Norman vel bôz Brethyn. Mez mar ez ydn ᵹenezl moy eneredzhek vel aral, prag nag yụ an leʼ pedna, dhan Tîz veva Treᵹèryon an Enez-ma, lîaz ụzou arâg devedhianz an Reveinuer dhybba, dadn Ilʼ Kaeſar? Ha (mar peva koth-skrefo huâth dhoy guelez, adrô aho an dhêau ʼulazna) nig ez neb màr dhebm, nag yu mîlo en Kernou ha lîaz en Deunanz, deskennyz dhort an Tregòryon kenza (j) gorleụen an ʼUlaskor-ma.

Nag odzha vî a gorra mêr an poezder (ken yụ hedda rêol por ụîr en Kembra) ụar anụo Brethonek Pednzhivìkio Kernou, kemeryz a dhort an Telàryo; rag me ôr por-dha trẏ ʼryg radn anẏdha neuodzha a hanụo, heruedh hanụo an Plaſo: ha rag hedda, ple ma faụt a Kôth âhskref, nag yụ ſpladn dhort pa an Tîz idzhanz deskennyz. Mez ụar an parh aral, mi a ụon nag yụ re dioụᵹel dho kridzhi byppryz dho ʼn Ah-skrefo Zouznak: rag peva braſa an Enor mêsk an Zouzon dho bôz deskennyz dhort an Normanno; ha rag hedda, an Ah-skreferyo a rygskrefa lîaz termen Aho goụek dhon neb Koth-Zouzon, Dano ha Brethon.

Mi a ụon en ta laụer boz lîaz tîz (pôrletryz ha pôrskientek en traou erel) a akiụzya ha damnya peb prediryanz adrô kuitha amʼàn, an koth Davazo-ma. Aʼm radn va honan ny thera vi mêr-brediryz adrô kụitha amʼàn an Kouzanz Kernûak, aban nag yụ hi por-reyzyz dhan Tîz a ôr pordhâ kouz Zouznak po ʼn Tavaz yụ ʼn arbednek ha ʼn ydnek reyzyz lebmyn en an Glaskor nei: Ma lîaz Pednzhivik Kembrîan azuonyz dheuh: mar gneloh huei neb faut braz ụarnanz a kouz Zouznak, &c. na ụreụh deſga Brezonek Kernou aᵹoz honan. Bêz an dra hedna del beze plegvyz dheụ; rag ny vedn me kemerez ụarnav boz barner anẏdha. Mez dho kụitha peb Kôth Davaz en neb Levar argraphyz, yụ heb neb màr, ydn dra porblegvyz dhẏn Skolàryo ha ʼn Pednzhivikio; ha mêr-reyzyz dhụn Antikuêryo. Ha rag hedda, guythrez dha veve dhyn Tîz rag-laveryz, ken damnya neb skeianz, medra hay ʼn ydn bredèryans yụ ᵹẏndzhanz ụarnẏdha, ha frederyanz an Cretèco ha ʼn Koth-skrefèryon? ha ʼn anụedzhek, na veze an ketel levar ha ʼn ydn hem-ma (Ken nag eụ e mez hanter gụreŷz) mer-blegvyz dhan gụella Kothskreferyon Zouznak nei; Leland, Cambden ha Sr. H. Spelman? Rag hedda pan yụ kuithyanz an Kôth Davaz Kernou en neb levar argraphyz ydn dra mêrreizyz dhan Kothskreferyon, ha plegvyz dhan Arlodhi ha ʼn Pednzhivìkio Letryz; ma nebaz Eſperans dhebm, niz en ydnek, trẏ vedn neb Pednzhivìkio ʼᵹoz honan, kemerez huîth dhoi deska hai skrefa; mez enụêdh trẏ vedoụʼ huei gen volẏndzheth vâz, kemerez an huêl bîan hanter-gụreyzma dhort,

Agoz Obèrụaz Hyvela

ha pareza,

E. LHUYD.

(a) neb ſort.

(b) Pou Ueſt.

(c) Bibl. Cot. Veſpas. A. 14.

(d) Bib. Bold. V. 40. Art.

(e) Ma guenez aral en Lezou.

(f) Carad. Lancarb. in Hiſt. Princ. Walliæ. p. 13. Ed. Lond. Ann. 1697.

(g) Ibid. p. 48.

(h) Triad. Brit. Galfr. Mon. &c.

(i) Po Antikuèrio.

(j) Poụ Ụeſt.