viniculture on the soutern alpine slopes and the Danubian alpine fringe made such possessions especially attractive to a religious institution.
ROLAND PAULER, "IMPERIAL BORDER POLICY WITHIN THE POWER STRUCTURE CONCERNING THE ALPINE PASSES (14TH CENTURY)"
For the Roman Kings of the 14th century it was by no means a matter of course to be able to traverse the Alps without hindrance in order to attain the Imperial Crown. Either they had to dominate themselves one of the passes and their approaches that could be used by an army or have good relations with the relevant territorial rulers. King Albrecht was himself in command of alpine approaches, for the Luxembourg ruler Henry VII it was enough to be brother-in-law to Count Amadeus V of Savoy to use the Italian stretch. In 1314 there occurred the dual election of Frederick of Habsburg and Ludwig of Bavaria. Whereas the Habsburger was in possession of several possible passages to Italy by reason of family connections and his own possessions, the Wittelsbacher had to open the pass by political means. The Luxembourger Karl IV ensured for himself the western passes by incorporating Savoy, which hitherto had belonged to Burgundy, into the Geman Empire and nominating its ruler as the Vicar General of Italy. The eastern alpine passes were at his disposal by means of his relation by marriage to the Habsburgs and by causing the popes to elevate his confidants to the status of Patriarchs of Aquileia.
PIERRETTE PARAVY, "MIGRATION AND RELIGION IN THE MEDIEVAL ALPS. THE CASE OF THE WALDENSES IN THE VALLEYS OF UPPER DAUPHINÉ, FROM REFUGE TO THE DIASPORA"
The object of this contribution is a survey of research and a reflexion upon the role of migration phenomena in the history of the Waldensian settlement in Upper Dauphiné: according to traditional opinion a migration originating from Lyons in the search for a “refuge"; development of a particular milieu in this “border region"; the existence of “Waldensian valleys".
